
- Infectious Diseases & One HealthDivision
- Research & Product DevelopmentDirectorate
Dr. Rebeccah Ayako
Research Scientist
rayako@kipre.go.keQualifications
PhD
Projects
Immunological Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Kenya Investigated humoral immune responses in individuals with different COVID-19 disease severities
Assessed IgG responses and antibody profiles and examined their relationship with disease severity.
Leishmania Vaccine and Immunomodulation Study, Kenya Evaluated the protective and immunomodulatory effects of soluble Leishmania antigen combined with Carissa edulis extract
Assessed parasite burden, IFN-γ, IL-10, IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a responses following vaccination and challenge.
Malaria and Leishmania Co-infection Study, Kenya Investigated disease outcomes and immune responses during single and co-infections with Plasmodium berghei and Leishmania major
Evaluated parasitaemia, parasite burden, hematological changes, cytokine responses, organ pathology, and survival.
Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium berghei Co-infection Study Investigated the effects of single and combined Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium berghei infections on disease progression, hematological parameters, cytokine responses, splenic…
Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium berghei Co-infection Study Investigated the effects of single and combined Trypanosoma brucei and Plasmodium berghei infections on disease progression, hematological parameters, cytokine responses, splenic pathology, and survival.
Macrophage Polarization and Immune Response Studies Investigated macrophage activation and polarization during infectious disease and experimental interventions
Evaluated markers associated with M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, including CD80, CD86, CD163, and CD206.
SHIV Infection and Immune Response Studies Contributed to research using African green monkey models to investigate SHIV infection, immune responses, disease progression, and host-pathogen interactions.
Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Diagnostic Research Contributed to research focused on improving understanding of Leishmania transmission, diagnosis, immune responses, and disease burden in endemic regions of Kenya.
Publications
- 1.Ayako, R.M.; Patel, K.; Ndede, I.; Mining, S.K.; Klingström, J.; Nordgren, J.; Larsson, M. Low Systemic IFN Response and High Viral Load Are Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity in Unvaccinated Patients in Kenya, 2022–2023. COVID 2026, 6, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/covid6030051View →
- 2.Njeri, Judith, Joshua M. Mutiso, Pullary M. Huma, Rebeccah M. Ayako, and Michael M. Gicheru. 2026. “Synergistic Immunostimulation of Carissa Edulis Extract with Leishmania donovani Antigen in BALB C mice”. South Asian Journal of Parasitology 9 (1):182-96. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajp/2026/v9i1265.View →
- 3.Nyachieo, R.N., Maloba, F., Ayako, R.M. and Ngalla, J. (2025) Exacerbated Hepatic, Splenic, and Neuropathology in BALB/c Mice Co-Infected with Leishmania major and Plasmodium berghei. Open Journal of Pathology, 15, 196-215. doi: 10.4236/ojpathology.2025.154016.View →
- 4.Ayako, R.M., Patel, K., Ndede, I., Nordgren, J., Larrson, M. and Mining, S.K. (2024), Inflammatory, Hematological, and Biochemical Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 12: e70078. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.70078View →
- 5.Simbauni J, Kavuso M, Mutiso J, Ayako R, & Gicheru M. (2024). Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Strain-specific Antibody Titres in Naturally Infected or Vaccinated Bulls in Kenya. Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research. 2024. 1-9. 10.9734/ajaar/2024/v24i8531. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382482549_Foot_and_Mouth_Disease_Virus_Strain- specific_Antibody_Titres_in_Naturally_Infected_or_Vaccinated_Bulls_in_KenyaView →
- 6.Ayako Rebeccah. M., Mutiso Joshua. M., Macharia John. C., Langoi D., & Ochola, L. (2021). Concomitant infection with Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium berghei causes Pro-inflammatory polarization resulting in malaria exacerbation in BALB/c mice. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajidm/9/3/1/index.htmlView →
- 7.Mainye, N., Maranga, D. N., Ayako, R., & Ochola, L. A. (2022). Machine learning meets microscopy: cell explorer tool for a diagnostic laboratory. https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=3f768d69-f44c-4de6-a49e-9f74efeae26fView →
- 8.Maria Divinah Mogaka, Joshua M. Mutiso, John C. Macharia, Rebeccah M. Ayako, Bernard Osero, Michael M. Gicheru. (2022). Evaluation of therapeutic potential of Warbugia ugandensis, Prunus Africana and Piliostigma thonningii against Leishmania donovani in vitro and in BALB/c mice. Journal of Zoological Research. https://journals.bilpubgroup.com/index.php/index/search?query=PrunusView →
